-: Classification of Chemical Fertilizers :-
Chemical Fertilizers are classified in following three types -
1- Nitrogenous Fertilizer (urea, NH4Cl, CAN, NH4NO3)
1- Nitrogenous Fertilizer (urea, NH4Cl, CAN, NH4NO3)
2- Phosphatic Fertilizer (SSP, TSP)
3- Potassic Fertilizer ( KCl , K2SO4 )
1- Nitrogenous Fertilizer :-
The nitrogenous fertilizer industry includes the production of synthetic ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, and urea. Synthetic ammonia and nitric acid are used primarily as intermediates in the production of ammonium nitrate and urea fertilizers.
1- Nitrogenous Fertilizer :-
The nitrogenous fertilizer industry includes the production of synthetic ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, and urea. Synthetic ammonia and nitric acid are used primarily as intermediates in the production of ammonium nitrate and urea fertilizers.
- Nitrogenous fertilizers take the foremost place among fertilizers since the deficiency of nitrogen in the soil is the foremost and crops respond to nitrogen better than to other nutrients.
- More than 80 per cent of the fertilizers used in this country are made up of nitrogenous fertilizers, particularly urea.
- It is extremely efficient in increasing the production of crops and the possibilities of its economic production are unlimited.
Based on the forms of nitrogen they contain, nitrogenous fertilizers are classified into following four categories-
(1) Nitrate Fertilizer
(1) Nitrate Fertilizer
(2) Ammonical Fertilizer
(3) Ammonical-nitrate Fertilizer
(4) Amide Fertilizer
(1)Nitrate fertilizers:- Nitrate Fertilizers, indicates these fertilizers contain nitrogen in nitrate form which is preferred by a majority of the plants.
These fertilizers are readily soluble in water and quickly available to the plants. If plants need nitrogen urgently, soil use of nitrate fertilizers gives quick response. Use of nitrate fertilizers is not recommended for very moist and waterlogged soils because in these situations nitrate nitrogen is either leached down along with excess moisture or converted into gaseous form and lost to the atmosphere due to lack of oxygen. In both conditions, it becomes unavailable to the plants. In sandy soils also, there use is avoided as the sandy soils are incapable of retaining nutrients and even with a little moisture, nitrate is leached down. If necessary, in sandy soils nitrate fertilizers are applied in 2-3 split doses.
(2)Ammonical Fertilizers:- Ammonical fertilizers contain nitrogen in ammonical form. These fertilizers can be applied also to those crops which absorb nitrogen in nitrate form. It is because ammonical part of the fertilizers can be easily converted into nitrate (NO3) form. As the ammonical portion of the " fertilizer (NH4) is positively charged, it easily , gets attached with very fine clay or humus a, particles of the soil which are negatively charged.
Ammonical fertilizers are, therefore, quite resistant to leaching.
These fertilizers can also be applied in water-logging conditions, because in such conditions, they do not so easily convert into gases. Ammonical fertilizers are especially suitable for paddy crop for a couple a of reasons: paddy prefers nitrogen in ammonical form and ammonical form of nitrogen is not easily converted into gases and lost to atmosphere. Although these fertilizers are readily soluble in water, they are not as quickly available to plants as nitrate fertilizers. A little time is required for the conversion of NH4 to NO3, the most preferred form of nitrogen. Ammonical fertilizers are suitable for slow growing, long duration crops.
(3).Ammonical-nitrate fertilizers:- Ammonium-nitrate fertilizers contain nitrogen in both the forms ammonical and nitrate. Fertilizers of this category can be used in a wide variety of soils and cropping conditions. Nitrate meets the immediate demand of nitrogen and ammonical form supplies nitrogen to meet the growth and developmental needs of N as the plant ages. Fertilizers of this category are acidic in reaction.
(4). Amide fertilizers:- Amide group fertilizers are agronomic- ally very significant. They are readily soluble in water and easily decomposed by micro organisms in the soil. In the soil, they are quickly changed into ammonical and then nitrate form and becomes available to the plants.
Classification of Phosphatic fertilizer:- Generally Phosphatic fertilizer are classified on the basis of phosphates because plants take nutrients in the form of Phosphatic. The phosphorus contains in any Phosphatic fertilizer is determined in the term of P2O5.
2-Phosphatic Fertilizers:- Water and citrate insoluble Phosphatic fertilizers These mineral fertilizer contain phosphorus, which is insoluble in water as well as in citric acid. They are suitable in strongly acid soils or organic soils. These fertilizer are given in green manured field.
Classification of Phosphatic fertilizer:- Generally Phosphatic fertilizer are classified on the basis of phosphates because plants take nutrients in the form of Phosphatic. The phosphorus contains in any Phosphatic fertilizer is determined in the term of P2O5.
(1) Water soluble phosphate
(2) Citrate / Citrate Acid soluble phosphates
(3) Insoluble phosphates
1. Water soluble Phosphate (H2PO4) :- These phosphate are soluble in water generally water are the phosphates of calcium in the water of MCP ( mono calcium phosphate) MCP in the received form of rock phosphate. Rock phosphate is main are of MCP . Rock Phosphatic is also known BPL ( Bone phosphate of lime ).
Plants take this received of phosphates in easy way.
Ex- SSP, TSP, ( super phosphate) .
2. Citrate / Citrate Acid soluble phosphate (HPO4) :- Plants take these type of phosphates in hater of water soluble phosphate because citrate soluble phosphate take some time a make solution in water. It is consumed comparatively early in the Acid soil by the plants.
Ex- DCP ( Di calcium phosphate).
3.Insoluble phosphate (PO4) :- These type of phosphate are not soluble in water and citrate Acid plants do not take it.
Ex- Rock Phosphate ( TCP/ BPL)
3-Potassic fertilizers :- Potassic Fertilizer are chemical substances containing potassium in absorbed form (K+).
There are two potassium fertilizers viz., muriate of potash (KCI) and sulphate of potash (K2S04). They are water soluble and so are readily available to plants.
The potassium content of potassic fertilizers is usually expressed as potassium oxide. K2O, referred to as potash. These fertilizers are manufactured form minerals and ores. The commercial fertilizers are salts of potassium usually chlorides and sulphates which are soluble hence readily available to the plants.
For Example-
1- Potassium chloride or muriate of potash (KCI) 48 to 62%
2- Potassium sulphate or sulphate of potash (K2SO4) 48 to 52%
3- Potassium Magnesium sulphate (K2SO4. 2MgSO4) 22%
4 Potassium Schoenite (K2SO4.MgSO4.6H2O) 22 to 24%
Potassium found to occur very commonly in the combined form as naturally occurring minerals. Common soil forming rocks like granite and gneiss are found to have about 3% K. For many years, K has been considered as important plant nutrient element.Chinese were the pioneers among the various farmers who used K for agricultural purposes. The mineral deposits were not discovered and used as fertilizers until eighteenth century. The first product to be used as K manure was the wood ash and the practice of using wood ash existed for centuries.
In olden days, the wood ash was primarily used to get the potassium salts.The wood was burnt and the resultant ash was leached in mud pots to get the salt mixture containing chlorides, SO4 and CO3 of K, Ca and Mg. (Pot + ash = Potash). It would be advantageous and more correct to use P and K to refer to P and K, instead of P2O5 and K2O in the fertilizer technology. Ex - % K = % K2O x 0.83 and % of K2O = % K x 1.2)
For Example-
1- Potassium chloride or muriate of potash (KCI) 48 to 62%
2- Potassium sulphate or sulphate of potash (K2SO4) 48 to 52%
3- Potassium Magnesium sulphate (K2SO4. 2MgSO4) 22%
4 Potassium Schoenite (K2SO4.MgSO4.6H2O) 22 to 24%
Potassium found to occur very commonly in the combined form as naturally occurring minerals. Common soil forming rocks like granite and gneiss are found to have about 3% K. For many years, K has been considered as important plant nutrient element.Chinese were the pioneers among the various farmers who used K for agricultural purposes. The mineral deposits were not discovered and used as fertilizers until eighteenth century. The first product to be used as K manure was the wood ash and the practice of using wood ash existed for centuries.
In olden days, the wood ash was primarily used to get the potassium salts.The wood was burnt and the resultant ash was leached in mud pots to get the salt mixture containing chlorides, SO4 and CO3 of K, Ca and Mg. (Pot + ash = Potash). It would be advantageous and more correct to use P and K to refer to P and K, instead of P2O5 and K2O in the fertilizer technology. Ex - % K = % K2O x 0.83 and % of K2O = % K x 1.2)
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