Architecture ,Functions and Working of microprocessor

   Architecture of microprocessor

Microprocessor architecture define suitable placement of its various functional blocks in the form of required circuitry for efficient flow of data and result from one black to another. The general purpose architecture of microprocessor is shown in figure

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Architecture-Functions-Working-microprocessor

Functions of Microprocessor :- The function of microprocessor architecture are as follows -
(i)-ALU(Arithmetic logical unit)
(ii)-General purpose register
(iii)-Special purpose register
(iv)-Instruction decoder

(v)-Timing and control unit
(vi)-Address bus
(vii)-Control bus

(i)-ALU(Arithmetic logical unit)- The uniforms such arithmetic operation as addition and subtraction and such logical operation as AND, OR and XOR.It consists of an adder, a accumulator, a temperature register, and shift and a status register.

(ii)-General purpose register- The microprocessor has 8 bit general purpose register or 16 bit register pair to use register pair mode is used for both storing data as well as the addressing

(iii)-Special purpose register- These register are used for some specific application designated by manufacturers. This consists of accumulator, program counter (PC) stack pointer (SP) and status flag register.

(iv)-Instruction decoder- This receives the content of instruction the register and developed control signals that enable data path necessary of execute instruction.


(v)-Timing and control unit - This unit control and synchronize all the operations inside and outside the microprocessor. The timing and control signal are drived from the master clock.
        The control unit also accept the control signal generated by the other device associated with microprocessor.

(vi)-Address bus- The address was used for transmitting address information full stop the address bus will normally contain 16 bits to provide for addressing capability of up to 64 KB of memory

(vi)-Control bus- This comprise of various signal lines used for caring synchronization signals. the microprocessor uses such line for providing timing signals.


  -: Working of microprocessor :-

The process of program execution in the microprocessor can be described by comparing it to following sequence read, interrupt and perform. the instruction are stored sequentially in the memory. The microprocessor fetches 1st instruction from it's memory sheet decode it and execute that instruction full stop the sequence of fetch decode and execute is continued until the microprocessor comes across an instruction to stop. During the entire process the microprocessor used the system bus to fetch the binary instruction and data from the memory. It uses registers from the register is section to store data temporally and its perform the computer function in the ALU section. Finally it sends about the result in the binary using some buses lines to the output device.



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