Microprocessor is defined as - A programmable integrated device that has computing and decision making capability similar to that of CPU (central processing unit) is known as microprocessor .
A microprocessor is designed to perform arithmetic and logical operations that makes use of small number holding area called registers. Microprocessor operations include adding subtracting comparing two numbers and fetching number from one area to another.
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Evolution of microprocessor:- There are following five generation of microprocessor-
1- First generation microprocessor(1971-73) -
In 1971 we introduce first generation microprocessor system are designed using P-MOS technology these are-
2-Second generation microprocessor (1973-78)- After 1973 second generation microprocessor such as Motorola 6800 and 6809, Intel 8085 and Zilog z80 involved in this generation using N-MOS technology.
3-Third generation microprocessor(1979-80)- In the third generation we introduce first 16 bit microprocessor this processor a 16 byte wide and include typical processes such as Intel 8086/80186/80286 and Motorola 6800/68010. In this generation Intel utilize the H-MOS technology.
4-Fourth generation microprocessor(1980-95)- In this generation Intel introduce the first commercial 32 bit microprocessor. These include Motorola MC 68020 and 68030 and Intel 80386. This process are fabricated using the low-power version of the the HMOS technology called the HCMOS.
5-Fifth generation microprocessor - This generation has been bringing out high performance and high processor that make use of 64 bit processor such processor include Pentium, celeron,dual core and quad core processor.
Application of Microprocessor-
1-microprocessor is used in personal computer (PCs).
2-it is also used in mobile phones and television.
3-it is used in laser printer for good speed and making automatic photo copies.
3-it is used in medical instrument to measure the temperature and blood pressure.
4-it is also used in traffic light control.
5-it is also used in home appliance such as microwave ovens washing machine etc.
-: Various type of Microprocessor:-
There are following various type of microprocessor are as -
1- 8085 microprocessor
2- 8086 microprocessor
3-80286 microprocessor
4- 80386 microprocessor
5- 80486 microprocessor
6- Pentium microprocessor
1- 8086 microprocessor- The 8085 microprocessor is the most popular microprocessor among all the 8 bit microprocessor the 8 bit CPU houses and on chip clock generator and provides good performance utilizing and optimum set of registers and reasonably powerful ALU. The major limitation of this 8-bit microprocessor limited memory, addressing capacity, slow speed of execution limited number of sketchpad registers and non availability of compiler instruction set and addressing modes.
2- 8086 microprocessor- The 8086 microprocessor is the first 16-bit microprocessor from Intel was the result of the designer effort to produce more powerful and efficient computing machine. The 8086 contains a set of 16 bit general purpose register, supports a 16 bit ALU, a rich instruction set provides segment memory addressing scheme. The major limitation of 8086 was that it did not have the memory management and production.
3- 80286 microprocessor- 80286 microprocessor was the first CPU to process ability of memory management privilege and protection however the 80286 microprocessor has limitation of maximum segment size supported by it. another limitation of 80286 was that once it was switch to protected mode it was difficult to get back to real mode. The only way of reverting it to the real mode was tourist the system.
4-80386 microprocessor- 80386 was the first 32 bit microprocessor from Intel the memory management capability of 80386 was enhanced to support virtual memory paging and four level of protection. The 80386 along with its math coprocessor 80387 provided a high-speed environment.
5-80486 microprocessor- The 80486 was designed with the integrated math coprocessor full stop after getting integrated the speed of execution of mathematical operation in enhanced three folds. It had also 5 stage instruction pipeline.
6-Pentium microprocessor- It has super-scalar super pipeline architecture and it has two integer pipelines u and v where EA 1 is a 4 stage pipeline.
Pentium II is the next version of Pentium.
Pentium III has been developed on 0.25 micro technology and includes over 9.5 million transistors.
3-it is used in medical instrument to measure the temperature and blood pressure.
4-it is also used in traffic light control.
5-it is also used in home appliance such as microwave ovens washing machine etc.
-: Various type of Microprocessor:-
There are following various type of microprocessor are as -
1- 8085 microprocessor
2- 8086 microprocessor
3-80286 microprocessor
4- 80386 microprocessor
5- 80486 microprocessor
6- Pentium microprocessor
1- 8086 microprocessor- The 8085 microprocessor is the most popular microprocessor among all the 8 bit microprocessor the 8 bit CPU houses and on chip clock generator and provides good performance utilizing and optimum set of registers and reasonably powerful ALU. The major limitation of this 8-bit microprocessor limited memory, addressing capacity, slow speed of execution limited number of sketchpad registers and non availability of compiler instruction set and addressing modes.
2- 8086 microprocessor- The 8086 microprocessor is the first 16-bit microprocessor from Intel was the result of the designer effort to produce more powerful and efficient computing machine. The 8086 contains a set of 16 bit general purpose register, supports a 16 bit ALU, a rich instruction set provides segment memory addressing scheme. The major limitation of 8086 was that it did not have the memory management and production.
3- 80286 microprocessor- 80286 microprocessor was the first CPU to process ability of memory management privilege and protection however the 80286 microprocessor has limitation of maximum segment size supported by it. another limitation of 80286 was that once it was switch to protected mode it was difficult to get back to real mode. The only way of reverting it to the real mode was tourist the system.
4-80386 microprocessor- 80386 was the first 32 bit microprocessor from Intel the memory management capability of 80386 was enhanced to support virtual memory paging and four level of protection. The 80386 along with its math coprocessor 80387 provided a high-speed environment.
5-80486 microprocessor- The 80486 was designed with the integrated math coprocessor full stop after getting integrated the speed of execution of mathematical operation in enhanced three folds. It had also 5 stage instruction pipeline.
6-Pentium microprocessor- It has super-scalar super pipeline architecture and it has two integer pipelines u and v where EA 1 is a 4 stage pipeline.
Pentium II is the next version of Pentium.
Pentium III has been developed on 0.25 micro technology and includes over 9.5 million transistors.
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