Components of Water Cooling System | Water Cooling System Components | Parts of Water Cooling System | Main Components of Water Cooling System |
-: Components of Water Cooling System :-
There are following seven components of water cooling system which are described below -
1- Water Jacket
2- Water Pump
3-Radiators
4- Fan
5- Thermostat
6- Connecting Hoses
7- Radiator Cap
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1- Water Jacket:- The cooling system starts with the water passages , parts and jackets which are usually cast into cylinder blocks and heads in the manufacturing process .
Water is universally used as the coolant in the automobiles . Only clean soft water should be used . Hard water contains minerals which forms a scale on the inside surface of the cooling system , reducing its efficiency . Incubators are available to reduce or prevent the formation of scale and rust and should always be used as the coolant .
Above or below a temperature of 4⁰ C , water expands . In the liquid state this expansion can be taken up by the movement of the water into a vacant space , including the additional volume created by the expansion of the cylinder block . When frozen , the solid mass expands and exerts a force against the internal surface of the cooling system . The result could be a fractured cylinder block or damaged radiator .
2- Water Pump :- In water cooling system , water pump is used for the circulation of water . Water pump are usually of the impeller or centrifugal type and are driven from the crankshaft pulley , the degree of circulation achieved being in proportion to the engine speed .
Water pump is not essential for the radiator header tank to be above the level of the engine cylinders .
3-Radiators:- The basic requirement of a radiator is to provide a sufficiently large cooling area for transmission of heat from the coolant to the air . The construction of the center of the radiator or core varies , but in general the water passages terminate at a header tank at the bottom .
As the water descends through hundreds of tubes or passage it is cooled by radiator to the air and returns to the engine via the bottom tank and the lower left connection . An overflow pipe from the filter neck can be clearly seen .
4-Fan :- The fan is generally fitted behind the radiator , usually being mounted on the water pump shaft and induces a flow of air through the radiator block . This function being especially important when vehicle is moving slowly , or when it is stationary and the engine is running . The fan is generally driven by a V-belt from the engine crankshaft and has a number of blades increases , the fan size can be reduced .
It is important that the fan belt is correctly adjusted , if it is too tight the dynamo and water pump bearing , may be damaged and excess power absorbed ; if it is too slack the efficiency of the cooling system and the dynamo output will be affected .
5- Thermostat :- The purpose of thermostat is primarily to restrict the circulation of water to cylinder head and block during the warm-up period .Then when a designed temperature is reached , the thermostat opens and the circulation of water starts in the radiator .
The thermostat is normally fitted either to the cylinder head water -outlet passage below the top hose , or in a special hosing near the water pump .
6- Connecting Hoses :- To isolate the radiator from engine movement and vibration , flexible hoses are used . They were originally of rubber , reinforced with canvas like large diameter garden hose .
The ends of the hose are forced over the connecting spigots on the radiator and engine held in place by bore clamps or spring clips .
7- Radiator Cap :- It is a safety device use to reduce the risk of accident when the cap is removed due to hot water a steam being ejected under pressure from the radiator .
As the water descends through hundreds of tubes or passage it is cooled by radiator to the air and returns to the engine via the bottom tank and the lower left connection . An overflow pipe from the filter neck can be clearly seen .
4-Fan :- The fan is generally fitted behind the radiator , usually being mounted on the water pump shaft and induces a flow of air through the radiator block . This function being especially important when vehicle is moving slowly , or when it is stationary and the engine is running . The fan is generally driven by a V-belt from the engine crankshaft and has a number of blades increases , the fan size can be reduced .
It is important that the fan belt is correctly adjusted , if it is too tight the dynamo and water pump bearing , may be damaged and excess power absorbed ; if it is too slack the efficiency of the cooling system and the dynamo output will be affected .
5- Thermostat :- The purpose of thermostat is primarily to restrict the circulation of water to cylinder head and block during the warm-up period .Then when a designed temperature is reached , the thermostat opens and the circulation of water starts in the radiator .
The thermostat is normally fitted either to the cylinder head water -outlet passage below the top hose , or in a special hosing near the water pump .
6- Connecting Hoses :- To isolate the radiator from engine movement and vibration , flexible hoses are used . They were originally of rubber , reinforced with canvas like large diameter garden hose .
The ends of the hose are forced over the connecting spigots on the radiator and engine held in place by bore clamps or spring clips .
7- Radiator Cap :- It is a safety device use to reduce the risk of accident when the cap is removed due to hot water a steam being ejected under pressure from the radiator .
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